Without the extensive use of computers, preset era cannot offer us numerous miracles. Really, computers have changed our life completely. Everybody should learn how to use computers.
Sunday, June 13, 2010
Limitations of computer
A.It cannot think since they do not have a brain of their own.B.It cannot change the steps while performing tasks.C.It cannot memorize as long as they are not given the instruction to store in the secondary storage.
Computer Application areas
1. Education
A.It used as a teaching learning tool.
B.It is used in a result processing.
C.Exam preparation such as questing preparation etc.
2. Health and Medicine
2. Health and Medicine
A.Research in health.
B.Development of Health Net of doctors and Hospitals
C.CT Scanning and Ultra sound
D.Record Kipping of patients
3. Banking and Finance Company
3. Banking and Finance Company
A.Audit record keeping, finding dividend of investors.B.Electronic Monet Transfer
C.Note calculation Mechanism
4. Hotel Management
4. Hotel Management
A.Personnel management
B.To keep inventory report
C.Documentation
D.AirlineCorporation
E.Ticket booking/reservation
F.Ticket cancellation
G.Account and administration
5.Agriculture Development
5.Agriculture Development
A.Agro census
B.Research and development manpower development and supervision
Obstacles faced in computer implementation
A.Lack of knowledge of computers from high ranking offices.B.Suspect on loss of data.C.Hesitation in giving fair information to the public.D.Difficult to meet the additional cost and expense.E.No interest in changing towards new technology.F.Lick of trained computer personnel or manpower.
Impact of Computer
Positive
A.Work can be performed quickly B.More information can be stored in a small space.C.Data access is easy and its processing is at great speed.D.Documents can be kept secretly.E.Computers can be used for various proposes.
Negative
Negative
A.It is expensive.B.Accidental loss of may create big problem.C.Data piracy may bring negative impact on the organization.D.Use of computer leads to increased unemployment.E.Huge data and information can be lost due to hard disk crash and other damages.
Types of Computer
1. On the basis of work. Analog computer.Digital computer C.Hybrid computer
2. On the basis of size. Mainframe computer.Mini computers.Microcomputer
3. On the basis of brand A.IBM PCB.IBM CompatibleC.Apple/Macintosh
4. On the basis of Model.XT Extended Technology.AT Advanced TechnologyC.PS/2 Personal System -2
Note:-
Analog computers It woke on the principle of continuous change in the physical values. Presley and Fcit two are Examples of analog computers. They are specially designed computers.
Digital computers It woke on the principle of two states: 0and 1. The data are represented as 0 and 1 in digital computers.
Hybrid computers It has the good quality of analog and digital. They can convert analog data into digital or vice-verse. They are specially designed computers such as flight simulator.
Mainframe computers They are large in size with parallel processing, multitasking and multiprogramming capacities.
Minicomputers They are smaller than mainframe and larger the micros.
Microcomputers They are smallest computers. They are small, robust, with latest processor, high speed and huge storage capacity. Laptop and Notebook are also microcomputers.
IBM PC They are the computers manufactured by IBM Company.
IBM Compatible computers They are developed by other companies on the same principle and technology of IBM.
Apple/Macintosh computers They are manufactured on CMOS technology.
XT computers They have become obsolete.
AT computers They are improving with new technology. Pentium processors are the latest processors used in AT machines.
PS/2 model computers They are manufactured by IBM with different architectural design which is considered much faster and virus resistance.
2. On the basis of size. Mainframe computer.Mini computers.Microcomputer
3. On the basis of brand A.IBM PCB.IBM CompatibleC.Apple/Macintosh
4. On the basis of Model.XT Extended Technology.AT Advanced TechnologyC.PS/2 Personal System -2
Note:-
Analog computers It woke on the principle of continuous change in the physical values. Presley and Fcit two are Examples of analog computers. They are specially designed computers.
Digital computers It woke on the principle of two states: 0and 1. The data are represented as 0 and 1 in digital computers.
Hybrid computers It has the good quality of analog and digital. They can convert analog data into digital or vice-verse. They are specially designed computers such as flight simulator.
Mainframe computers They are large in size with parallel processing, multitasking and multiprogramming capacities.
Minicomputers They are smaller than mainframe and larger the micros.
Microcomputers They are smallest computers. They are small, robust, with latest processor, high speed and huge storage capacity. Laptop and Notebook are also microcomputers.
IBM PC They are the computers manufactured by IBM Company.
IBM Compatible computers They are developed by other companies on the same principle and technology of IBM.
Apple/Macintosh computers They are manufactured on CMOS technology.
XT computers They have become obsolete.
AT computers They are improving with new technology. Pentium processors are the latest processors used in AT machines.
PS/2 model computers They are manufactured by IBM with different architectural design which is considered much faster and virus resistance.
Generation of computer
If we see the generations of computer we can find that it has been divided into five parts which are given below with some of the information.
1. First generation computer Duration: 1943-1958Memory device: Vacuum tube Features:A. Storage capacity was too small (1 to 4k).B.They were huge in size.C.The computers were used only for scientific purpose or research purpose.
2. Second generation Duration: 1959-1965Memory device: Transistor Features:A. Operation speed increased to nanoseconds.B.They possessed the characteristics such as high speed, small in size and more reliable.C.Magnetic core memory was sued as internal storage.
3. Third generation Duration: 1966-1973Memory device: Integrated circuits Features:A.Semi-conductor memory was used as primary storage.B.They used to operate in terms of nano-seconds.The computers supported different high level languages.
4. Fourth generation Duration: 1974-1990Memory device: Large Integration Features:A. The size of fourth generation computers was reduced to desk-top or lap-top size.B.They can understand billions of instructions within a second.C.Secondary storage, use of semi - conductor are the specialty of fourth generation computer
5. Fifth generation Duration: 1991- incomplete Memory device: Bio chips or parallel processing Features:A. Intelligent programs can be used in the computers.B.Computers are equipped with multiprocessing and parallel processing mechanisms. C.Computer scan even understand natural languages.
1. First generation computer Duration: 1943-1958Memory device: Vacuum tube Features:A. Storage capacity was too small (1 to 4k).B.They were huge in size.C.The computers were used only for scientific purpose or research purpose.
2. Second generation Duration: 1959-1965Memory device: Transistor Features:A. Operation speed increased to nanoseconds.B.They possessed the characteristics such as high speed, small in size and more reliable.C.Magnetic core memory was sued as internal storage.
3. Third generation Duration: 1966-1973Memory device: Integrated circuits Features:A.Semi-conductor memory was used as primary storage.B.They used to operate in terms of nano-seconds.The computers supported different high level languages.
4. Fourth generation Duration: 1974-1990Memory device: Large Integration Features:A. The size of fourth generation computers was reduced to desk-top or lap-top size.B.They can understand billions of instructions within a second.C.Secondary storage, use of semi - conductor are the specialty of fourth generation computer
5. Fifth generation Duration: 1991- incomplete Memory device: Bio chips or parallel processing Features:A. Intelligent programs can be used in the computers.B.Computers are equipped with multiprocessing and parallel processing mechanisms. C.Computer scan even understand natural languages.
History
If we see the history of computer we can find that computer were developed from a different calculating devices such as :-Abacus, Napier’s bone, the slide rule,PASCAL,Leibniz's Stepped Calculator,Analytical Engine,etc and some explanation of some calculating devices Are as follows:-
1. Abacus It is a portable device that consists of beads strung on wires or wooden rods. Using an abacus, one can rapidly and accurately add, subtract, multiply or divide large numbers. No one is sure about exactly when the fist abacus appeared.
2. Napier’s bones John Napier, a Scottish Mathematician did a considerable amount of work on aids for calculation. The most notable of which was the invention of logarithms in 1614. He also devised a set of rods for use as multiplications aids. These rods were carved from bone and are often called Napier's bones.
3. Pascale It was 19 year old Bails Pascal, in 1642, a French mathematician who devised the first true calculating machine, reputedly to help his father who was a tax controller! Number the movements to a result dial. Printed on the wheel were the numbers from 0 to 9. When the first wheel made a complete turn from 0 to 9, it automatically caused the second wheel to advance to the next number, and so on. e.t.c
1. Abacus It is a portable device that consists of beads strung on wires or wooden rods. Using an abacus, one can rapidly and accurately add, subtract, multiply or divide large numbers. No one is sure about exactly when the fist abacus appeared.
2. Napier’s bones John Napier, a Scottish Mathematician did a considerable amount of work on aids for calculation. The most notable of which was the invention of logarithms in 1614. He also devised a set of rods for use as multiplications aids. These rods were carved from bone and are often called Napier's bones.
3. Pascale It was 19 year old Bails Pascal, in 1642, a French mathematician who devised the first true calculating machine, reputedly to help his father who was a tax controller! Number the movements to a result dial. Printed on the wheel were the numbers from 0 to 9. When the first wheel made a complete turn from 0 to 9, it automatically caused the second wheel to advance to the next number, and so on. e.t.c
Introduction
In English, compute means to calculate something. To calculate means to do some mathematical operations. About 30/40 years ago, calculator was introduced as a calculating device. Calculator computers the numbers or it does mathematical operations. This is also a digital operating device. But, computers originated with a huge size and extremely high processing capabilities. Later on, computer has become very powerful devices to aid the development of data processing and research. Their sizes reduced and processing capacities and speed increased tremendously. Therefore, it has become an essential media for communication; computer also has a very role to play to bringing the world together. Computer is used in almost every field in development.
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