Generation of computer

If we see the generations of computer we can find that it has been divided into five parts which are given below with some of the information.
1. First generation computer Duration: 1943-1958Memory device: Vacuum tube Features:A. Storage capacity was too small (1 to 4k).B.They were huge in size.C.The computers were used only for scientific purpose or research purpose.
2. Second generation Duration: 1959-1965Memory device: Transistor Features:A. Operation speed increased to nanoseconds.B.They possessed the characteristics such as high speed, small in size and more reliable.C.Magnetic core memory was sued as internal storage.
3. Third generation Duration: 1966-1973Memory device: Integrated circuits Features:A.Semi-conductor memory was used as primary storage.B.They used to operate in terms of nano-seconds.The computers supported different high level languages.
4. Fourth generation Duration: 1974-1990Memory device: Large Integration Features:A. The size of fourth generation computers was reduced to desk-top or lap-top size.B.They can understand billions of instructions within a second.C.Secondary storage, use of semi - conductor are the specialty of fourth generation computer
5. Fifth generation Duration: 1991- incomplete Memory device: Bio chips or parallel processing Features:A. Intelligent programs can be used in the computers.B.Computers are equipped with multiprocessing and parallel processing mechanisms. C.Computer scan even understand natural languages.

History

If we see the history of computer we can find that computer were developed from a different calculating devices such as :-Abacus, Napier’s bone, the slide rule,PASCAL,Leibniz's Stepped Calculator,Analytical Engine,etc and some explanation of some calculating devices Are as follows:-
1. Abacus It is a portable device that consists of beads strung on wires or wooden rods. Using an abacus, one can rapidly and accurately add, subtract, multiply or divide large numbers. No one is sure about exactly when the fist abacus appeared.
2. Napier’s bones John Napier, a Scottish Mathematician did a considerable amount of work on aids for calculation. The most notable of which was the invention of logarithms in 1614. He also devised a set of rods for use as multiplications aids. These rods were carved from bone and are often called Napier's bones.
3. Pascale It was 19 year old Bails Pascal, in 1642, a French mathematician who devised the first true calculating machine, reputedly to help his father who was a tax controller! Number the movements to a result dial. Printed on the wheel were the numbers from 0 to 9. When the first wheel made a complete turn from 0 to 9, it automatically caused the second wheel to advance to the next number, and so on. e.t.c

Introduction

In English, compute means to calculate something. To calculate means to do some mathematical operations. About 30/40 years ago, calculator was introduced as a calculating device. Calculator computers the numbers or it does mathematical operations. This is also a digital operating device. But, computers originated with a huge size and extremely high processing capabilities. Later on, computer has become very powerful devices to aid the development of data processing and research. Their sizes reduced and processing capacities and speed increased tremendously. Therefore, it has become an essential media for communication; computer also has a very role to play to bringing the world together. Computer is used in almost every field in development.